ORACLE CREATE

create database manualy:


* create PFILE
main changes:
- db_name
- control_files
- audit_file_dest
- background_dump_dest
- user_dump_dest
- core_dump_dest

example init[dbname].ora

*.__db_cache_size=939524096
*.__java_pool_size=16777216
*.__large_pool_size=16777216
*.__shared_pool_size=587202560
*.__streams_pool_size=33554432
*.control_files='[path]/control1.ora','[path]/control2.ora','[path]/control3.ora'
*.audit_file_dest='[path]/admin/adump'
*.core_dump_dest='[path]/admin/cdump'
*.user_dump_dest='[path]/admin/udump'
*.background_dump_dest='[path]/admin/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_files=1500
*.db_name='[dbname]'
*.global_names=FALSE
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_format='[dbname]%t%s%r.arc'
*.log_checkpoint_interval=10000
*.max_dump_file_size='10240'
*.open_cursors=1000
*.optimizer_mode='CHOOSE'
*.pga_aggregate_target=629145600
*.processes=400
*.query_rewrite_enabled='true'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.service_names='[dbname]'
*.session_max_open_files=40
*.sga_target=1610612736
*.shared_pool_reserved_size=0
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_retention=100000
*.undo_tablespace='UNDO_TS'

* create password file for new database:
orapwd file=orapw[dbname] password=[pass]

* add new database to listener.ora and tnsnames.ora,

* create dirs for new database file,

* create dirs for trace logs as admin with subdirectories: adump, udump, cdump, bdump,

* set $ORACLE_HOME,$ORACLE_SID

* startup nomount

* run script:

spool crt_db.spool
startup nomount
create database [dbname]
user sys identified by [pass]
user system identified by [pass]
maxinstances 5
maxloghistory 5
maxlogfiles 10
maxlogmembers 5
maxdatafiles 1000
character set EE8ISO8859P2
national character set AL16UTF16
datafile '[path]/system01.dbf' size 512M autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited
sysaux datafile '[path]/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 1024M
logfile group 1 ('[path]/redo01.log') size 100m,
group 2 ('[path]/redo02.log') size 100m,
group 3 ('[path]/redo03.log') size 100m
default temporary tablespace TEMP tempfile '[path]/temp01.dbf' size 2048M
undo tablespace UNDO_TS datafile '[path]/undotbs01.dbf' size 3000M autoextend off,
'[path]/undotbs02.dbf' size 512M autoextend on next 10M maxsize unlimited;
spool off

* run script:

spool catalog.spool
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
spool off
spool catproc.spool
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
spool off
spool catrep.spool
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catrep.sql
spool off
spool initjvm.spool
@$ORACLE_HOME/javavm/install/initjvm.sql
spool off
spool dbmsrand.spool
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/dbmsrand.sql
spool off
spool utlrp.spool
@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
spool off

POSTGRESQL

all informations are inside great documentation

psql
psql [option] -d [dbname] -h [hostname] -U [username]
psql -l	db list
psql syntax:
\timing	set show sql execution time
\q	quit
\password	set password
\pset	change psql settings
\l	show databases
\d [table]	table desc
\c [database]	connect to db
\da	agregation functions
\db+	tablespaces
\dc	conversions
\df+	functions
\dg+ \du+	roles
\di+	indexes
\ds+	sequences
\dt+	tables
\dv+	views
\dSvtis+	system views,tables,indexes,sequences
\dn+	schemas
\do	operators
\dp	privileges
\encoding	db encoding
\l+	db description
\z	objects with privileges
\o [file]	spool file
\![command]	run OS command
help commands:
\?	info about commands with backslash
\h	sql help
parameters:
show all;	db parameters
show [parametr];	show search_path
show search_path	current schama
set search_path to [other_schema]	now you can see objects from other schema

administrating:

variable PGDATA point to cluster catalog
pg_ctl status #db state
pg_ctl -D [directory] [action]
pg_ctl start | stop |restart #db start,stop you can add -l [logfile]
pg_ctl stop -m [smart | fast | immediate] #db stop smart(default), fast(with rolleback transactions, immediate(shutdown abort)
pg_controldata [cluser_dir] #cluster info
SELECT pg_database_size('[dbname]'); #show db size SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size('[dbname]')); #show db size SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('[table]')); #show table size with index SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_relation_size('[table]')); #show table without index

DUMP:

-- export:
pg_dump [db_name] > [file] #dump in plaintext format
pg_dump -t '[table]' [db_name] > [file]
pg_dump -Fc #dump in pg_restore format
pg_dumpall > [file] #dump all databases
-- import:
psql [db] < [plik] #import from plaintext format
psql -f [file] postgres #import from plaintext format
pg_restore -d [baza] [plik] #import from pg_restore format
pg_restore -l [plik] #content of dumpfile

CREATE:

initdb --pgdata | -D [cluster_dir] [-E encoding] #cluster initialization,create template1 and postgres database
createdb [dbname] [-D tablespace] [-E encoding] [-O owner] [-T template to create new database]

change host database IP:

change in $PG_DATA/postgresql.conf
change in $PG_DATA/pg_hba.conf (according manual - chapter 20: Client Authentication)

misc:

ALTER TABLE [table] ALTER COLUMN [column] TYPE int USING [column]::int; #change column type from char to int

MANAGE ROLES:

--check
\dg #check system privs
SELECT * FROM pg_roles;
create role [role_name]; #create role
--change
ALTER ROLE [role_name] SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER | INHERIT | NOINHERIT | LOGIN | NOLOGIN | CONNECTION LIMIT [connlimit] | PASSWORD [password] | ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED | VALID UNTIL [timestamp]
--change password
ALTER ROLE [role] PASSWORD '[pass]';

change object privs:

\z #check privs
=xxxx #privileges granted to PUBLIC
uname=xxxx #privileges granted to a user
group gname=xxxx #privileges granted to a group
r -- SELECT ("read")
w -- UPDATE ("write")
a -- INSERT ("append")
d -- DELETE
R -- RULE
x -- REFERENCES
t -- TRIGGER
X -- EXECUTE
U -- USAGE
C -- CREATE
T -- TEMPORARY
arwdRxt -- ALL PRIVILEGES (for tables)
* -- grant option for preceding privilege

GRANT [privs] ON [object] TO [role];

LINUX PACKAGES

Packages

RPM	YUM	DPKG	DESCRIPTION
rpm -q –changelog [package]			changelog
rpm -U/-i –test [package].rpm			test before install
rpm -qa –last | head			installation time of last packages
rpm -ql [package]		dpkg -L [package]	file list installed by package
rpm -qf [file]	yum provides [file]	dpkg -S [file]	package name which is owner of file
rpm -qi [package]	yum info [package]	dpkg -s [package]	info
rpm -q [package]		dpkg-query -W [package]	package version
rpm -qa	yum list installed	dpkg –list	installed packages
	yum list [package]		available packages in repository (about 15000), or package version in repo
rpm -q –whatrequires [package]			package needs
rpm -q –provides [package]			search missing libs, files
rpm -q –whatprovides libc.so.6	yum list provides [shared_obj]
	yum whatprovides "\*bin/[file]"		search in which package is file
	yum whatprovides libpthread*
	yum list extras		unoficial repo packages list
rpm -qR [pakiet]	yum deplist [pakiet]		dependency list
	yum check-update		update check
	yum list updates
rpm -qp –scripts [package].rpm			scripts check
rpm -qlp [package].rpm			rpm content check
	yum -C		using cache
	yum search [string]		search by names, descriptions, summaries
	yum list [string]\*		search by [string]
	yum history
	yum-complete-transaction		complete transaction after power crash etc.
	yum-complete-transaction –cleanup-only		clean transaction without resume the aborted transactions
	yum clean all		remove all traces of the version from /var/cache/yum
	yum –releasever=[release_nr_to_sync] distro-sync
	yum –rebuilddb		rebuild rpm database, recreate database index

yum history

yum history list	last 20 transactins
yum history list all	all transactions
yum history list [ID]
yum history info [ID]	all info about transaction
yum history package-list [package_name]

Action column

D	Downgrade	At least one package has been downgraded to an older version.
E	Erase	At least one package has been removed.
I	Install	At least one new package has been installed.
O	Obsoleting	At least one package has been marked as obsolete.
R	Reinstall	At least one package has been reinstalled.
U	Update	At least one package has been updated to a newer version.

Altered column

<	Before the transaction finished, the rpmdb database was changed outside Yum.
>	After the transaction finished, the rpmdb database was changed outside Yum.
*	The transaction failed to finish.
#	The transaction finished successfully, but yum returned a non-zero exit code.
E	The transaction finished successfully, but an error or a warning was displayed.
P	The transaction finished successfully, but problems already existed in the rpmdb database.
s	The transaction finished successfully, but the –skip-broken command line option was used and certain packages were skipped.

Misc

rpmreaper	tool for removing packages and find dependencies
package-cleanup –orphans	unsupported packages
yumdownloader [package]	get rpm package
yumdownloader –source [package]	getsource package
rpm2cpio [package].rpm | cpio -idv	unpack rpm2cpio
rpm2cpio [package].rpm | cpio -t	what is inside rpm
yum grouplist	zainstalowane i dostepne grupy
yum groupinstall '[group]'	instalacja grupy
yum groupinfo '[group]'
yum groupremove '[group]'
yum –downloadonly update	download only
rpm –querytags	show all tags
rpm -qa –queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH})\n"
rpm -qa –queryformat "%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE}\t%{INSTALLTIME:date}"
rpm -qa –queryformat "%-40{NAME}%-20{VERSION}%-20{RELEASE}%{INSTALLTIME:date}\n"

Remarks

• For RPM repos main database is located in /var/lib/rpm, it is BerkleyDB.

LINUX RRDTOOL

describe database creation:
rrdtool create base.rrd -s 240 \
DS:DS-NAME:GAUGE | COUNTER | DERIVE | ABSOLUTE:HEARTBEAT:0:U \
RRA:CF:XFF:3:840
-s # step default is 300 sec
DS # DATA SOURCE
DS-NAME # variable name
RRA # ROUND ROBIN ARCHIVE - one archive in database
CF # CONSOLIDATION FUNCTION - MAX | MIN | AVERAGE | LAST
PDP # PRIMARY DATA POINT
XFF # XFILES FACTOR - factor, from 0 to 1 describe how many PDP can be   UNKNOWN before record will be write to database as UNKNOWN

example:
rrdtool create base.rrd -s 240 \
DS:input:COUNTER:600:0:U \
RRA:AVERAGE:0.5:3:840

base.rrd #database file
-s 240 #record step in database are set to 240 sec
input #data chain name
COUNTER #counter type
(COUNTER - best for increasing values as network interfaces counters, you take into account that interface network counters is roll back when achieve top value 2³² or 2 ⁶⁴ and start from zero value
GAUGE - best for non increasing values)

example of counting data:
value of first probe = 100
value of second probe = 150
value of third probe = 180

for counter type - COUNTER
will be calculate difference 150-100=50 and 180-150=30
then depends on RRA ( AVERAGE, MAX, MIN or LAST),
values will be:
for AVERAGE=(50+30)/2=40,
for MAX=50,
for MIN=30,
for LAST=30

for counter type - GAUGE
will not be calculate difference
then depends on RRA
for AVERAGE= (100+150+180)/3=143,
for MAX=180,
for MIN=100,
for LAST=180

600 #600 sec, between each probe before probe will be marked as UNKNOWN,
0 #minimal value
U #maximal value "U" is UNKNOWN
0.5 #ratio of UNKNOWN probes 0-1, 0.5 means 50%
3 #result of CF function will be get from 3 probes but 50% from them can be UNKNOWN
840 #maximal amount of probes which can be store in database (amount of records), you can not resize database file so it must be set at startup.

let's calculate how many probes should be store in our database during week:

from previous settings we assume that value is generated from 3 probes which are collected every 240 sec
3*240=720 sec.
so final value will be store in database every 720 sec
720/60=12 min.
means that every value in our html chart will be refresh every 12 min.

3600/720=5 probes per hour
24*3600/720=120 probes per day,
7*24*3600/720=840 probes per week

other:
rrdtool dump [baza.rrd] [plik.xml] #export database to xml file
rrdtool fetch [baza.rrd] AVERAGE -s -6[min | h] #get records from last 6 min | hour.

OTHER LINKS

CSS
gs.statcounter.com
regex tester

ORACLE BINARY CLONE

How to copy binaries to other server:

1. turn off database and all services
   
2. make backup of ORACLE_HOME dir
   at new server:
   
3. make new ORACLE_HOME
   
4. set other system variables
   
5. put ORACLE_HOME from previous backup
   
6. set user and group ORACLE_HOME dir
   
7. remove .ora files from ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
   
8. run command:
   ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin/runInstaller -clone -silent ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_HOME_NAME=new_Oracle_home_name
   
9. run script root.sh
   
10. try run dbca
    

ORACLE SCRIPTS

podane za Oracle® Database Reference 10g Release 2 (10.2) Part Number B14237-04

Table B-1 Creating the Data Dictionary Scripts

Script Name	Needed For	Description
catalog.sql	All databases	Creates the data dictionary and public synonyms for many of its views Grants PUBLIC access to the synonyms
catproc.sql	All databases	Runs all scripts required for, or used with PL/SQL
catclust.sql	Real Application Clusters	Creates Real Application Clusters data dictionary views

Table B-2 Creating Additional Data Dictionary Structures

Script Name	Needed For	Run By	Description
catblock.sql	Performance management	SYS	Creates views that can dynamically display lock dependency graphs
catexp7.sql	Exporting data to Oracle7	SYS	Creates the dictionary views needed for the Oracle7 Export utility to export data from the Oracle Database in Oracle7 Export file format
caths.sql	Heterogeneous Services	SYS	Installs packages for administering heterogeneous services
catio.sql	Performance management	SYS	Allows I/O to be traced on a table-by-table basis
catoctk.sql	Security	SYS	Creates the Oracle Cryptographic Toolkit package
catqueue.sql	Advanced Queuing		Creates the dictionary objects required for Advanced Queuing
catrep.sql	Oracle Replication	SYS	Runs all SQL scripts for enabling database replication
catrman.sql	Recovery Manager	RMAN or any user with GRANT_RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER role	Creates recovery manager tables and views (schema) to establish an external recovery catalog for the backup, restore, and recovery functionality provided by the Recovery Manager (RMAN) utility
dbmsiotc.sql	Storage management	Any user	Analyzes chained rows in index-organized tables
dbmspool.sql	Performance management	SYS or SYSDBA	Enables DBA to lock PL/SQL packages, SQL statements, and triggers into the shared pool
userlock.sql	Concurrency control	SYS or SYSDBA	Provides a facility for user-named locks that can be used in a local or clustered environment to aid in sequencing application actions
utlbstat.sql and utlestat.sql	Performance monitoring	SYS	Respectively start and stop collecting performance tuning statistics
utlchn1.sql	Storage management	Any user	For use with the Oracle Database. Creates tables for storing the output of the ANALYZE command with the CHAINED ROWS option. Can handle both physical and logical rowids.
utlconst.sql	Year 2000 compliance	Any user	Provides functions to validate that CHECK constraints on date columns are year 2000 compliant
utldtree.sql	Metadata management	Any user	Creates tables and views that show dependencies between objects
utlexpt1.sql	Constraints	Any user	For use with the Oracle Database. Creates the default table (EXCEPTIONS) for storing exceptions from enabling constraints. Can handle both physical and logical rowids.
utlip.sql	PL/SQL	SYS	Used primarily for upgrade and downgrade operations. It invalidates all existing PL/SQL modules by altering certain dictionary tables so that subsequent recompilations will occur in the format required by the database. It also reloads the packages STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD, which are necessary for any PL/SQL compilations.
utlirp.sql	PL/SQL	SYS	Used to change from 32-bit to 64-bit word size or vice versa. This script recompiles existing PL/SQL modules in the format required by the new database. It first alters some data dictionary tables. Then it reloads the packages STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD, which are necessary for using PL/SQL. Finally, it triggers a recompilation of all PL/SQL modules, such as packages, procedures, and types.
utllockt.sql	Performance monitoring	SYS or SYSDBA	Displays a lock wait-for graph, in tree structure format
utlpwdmg.sql	Security	SYS or SYSDBA	Creates PL/SQL functions for default password complexity verification. Sets the default password profile parameters and enables password management features.
utlrp.sql	PL/SQL	SYS	Recompiles all existing PL/SQL modules that were previously in an INVALID state, such as packages, procedures, and types.
utlsampl.sql	Examples	SYS or any user with DBA role	Creates sample tables, such as emp and dept, and users, such as scott
utlscln.sql	Oracle Replication	Any user	Copies a snapshot schema from another snapshot site
utltkprf.sql	Performance management	SYS	Creates the TKPROFER role to allow the TKPROF profiling utility to be run by non-DBA users
utlvalid.sql	Partitioned tables	Any user	Creates tables required for storing output of ANALYZE TABLE ...VALIDATE STRUCTURE of a partitioned table
utlxplan.sql	Performance management	Any user	Creates the table PLAN_TABLE, which holds output from the EXPLAIN PLAN statement

Table B-4 Upgrade and Downgrade Scripts

Script Name	Needed For	Description
catdwgrd.sql	Downgrading	Provides a direct downgrade path from the new Oracle Database 10g release
catupgrd.sql	Upgrading	Provides a direct upgrade path to the new Oracle Database 10g release
utlu102i.SQL	Pre-Upgrade Information	Analyzes the database to be upgraded, detailing requirements and issues for the upgrade to release 10.2
utlu102s.SQL	Post-Upgrade Status	Displays the component upgrade status after an upgrade to release 10.2

Table B-5 Java Scripts

Script Name	Description
initjvm.sql	Initializes JServer by installing core Java class libraries and Oracle-specific Java classes
rmjvm.sql	Removes all elements of the JServer
catjava.sql	Installs Java-related packages and classes

ORACLE RMAN CLONE

how to clone database by RMAN:
it depends on recovering files from previous backup

1. create PFILE for new database based on PFILE from source database
   init[db_new].ora
   main changes:
   
   • db_name
     
   • control_files
     
   • audit_file_dest
     
   • background_dump_dest
     
   • user_dump_dest
     
   • core_dump_dest
     
2. create password file for new database:
   orapwd file=orapw[db_new] password=[pass]
   
   
3. add new database to listener.ora and tnsnames.ora,
   
   
4. create dirs for new database file,
   
   
5. create directories for trace logs as admin with subdirectories: adump, udump, cdump, bdump,
   
   
6. startup new auxiliary database in nomout mode(! then exit from your session because it will be hang on)
   
   
7. start rman with ORACLE_SID = auxiliary database:
   
   
8. at the auxiliary server run command:
   rman auxiliary / target sys/[sys_pass]@[targetdb_tnsalias] catalog rman/[rman_pass]@[catalogdb_tnsalias]
   you should get an output:
   connected to target database: [db_name] (DBID=[db_id])
   connected to recovery catalog database
   connected to auxiliary database: [db_name] (not mounted)




9. run script:
   
   run {
   set newname for datafile 4 to '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/users01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 3 to '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/sysaux01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 2 to '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/undotbs01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 1 to '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/system01.dbf';
   set newname for datafile 5 to '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/example01.dbf';
   set newname for tempfile 1 to '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/temp.dbf';
   duplicate target database to [db_new]
   pfile=/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/init[db_new]aux.ora
   logfile
   '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/redo01.log' size 50m,
   '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/redo02.log' size 50m,
   '/oracle/oradata/[db_new]/redo03.log' size 50m;}
   
   to generate script above use sql at source db:
   spool clonescript.rcv
   select 'set newname for datafile '||file_id||' to '''||file_name||''';' from dba_data_files order by file_id;
   select 'set newname for tempfile '||file_id||' to '''||file_name||''';' from dba_temp_files order by file_id;
   spool off;
   and next modify output in vim:
   :% s/ora6\/oradata\/DBSRC/u01\/oradata\/DBAUX\/datafile
   or another script:
   
   run {
   set until time "to_date('2010-07-02:01:00','yyyy-mm-dd:hh24:mi')";
   configure default device type to sbt;
   configure device type sbt parallelism 2;
   configure auxiliary channel 1 device type sbt parms 'ENV=(NB_ORA_SERV=server_name,NB_ORA_CLIENT=server_target_name)';
   configure auxiliary channel 2 device type sbt parms 'ENV=(NB_ORA_SERV=server_name,NB_ORA_CLIENT=server_target_name)';
   duplicate target database to [db_new]
   DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=('[target_path1]/','[aux_path]',
   '[target_path2]/','[aux_path]')
   pfile=[pfile_aux_path]/[db_new].ora
   logfile
   '[logfile_aux_path]/redo01.log' size 100m,
   '[logfile_aux_path]/redo02.log' size 100m,
   '[logfile_aux_path]/redo03.log' size 100m;
   }
   

ERRORS:

if you get an output error: "...segmentation fault..." you have to check the alertlog file, and if you get "...database must be open in upgrade mode...", it means that you have tried clone between diferent versions of databases, so you shoud: alter databse recover; alter database open upgrade; @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql for more read documentation

ORACLE JOBS

Table of Contents

• 1 Views
• 2 Create new job
• 3 Starting job by hand
• 4 Turn off
• 5 Turn on
• 6 Changing job params
• 7 Removing job:
• 8 dbms_ijob
• 9 How to set time:
• 10 ERRORs
  • 10.1 ORA-23421
  • 10.2 ORA-12012

1 Views

• SELECT * FROM dba_jobs
• SELECT * FROM dba_jobs_running
• column TOTAL_TIME determine the time which system spend run this job from first initialization, it is not time of present
• column THIS_DATE is filled when job is still executing and show time present execution time

2 Create new job

declare
  jobnr number;
begin
  dbms_job.submit(
    job=>jobnr,
    what=>'dbms_output.put_line(''ble'');',
    next_date=>to_date('10:00 09/09/2009','HH24:MI DD/MM/YYYY'),
    interval=>'SYSDATE+1');
end;
/

3 Starting job by hand

• must be run by job owner, otherwise ORA-23421, even for user sys, beware on change next_date which will by calculated from now
• sql> exec DBMS_JOB.RUN(JOB => [nr]);

4 Turn off

• set state BROKEN
• sql> exec DBMS_JOB.BROKEN(JOB => [nr], BROKEN => TRUE);

5 Turn on

• unset state BROKEN
• sql> exec DBMS_JOB.BROKEN(JOB => [nr], BROKEN => FALSE, NEXT_DATE => TO_DATE(’10:00 01/01/09′, ‘HH24:MI MM/DD/YY’));

6 Changing job params

• must be set all arguments, if any is unchange we set NULL:
• sql> exec DBMS_JOB.CHANGE(JOB => [nr], NEXT_DATE => to_date('2011-01-01 10:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI'), WHAT => null, INTERVAL => ‘SYSDATE + 3′);

7 Removing job:

• exec DBMS_JOB.REMOVE(JOB => [nr]);

8 dbms_ijob

• DBMS_IJOB is a package included with Oracle that allows a sys or system user to manipulate other user's jobs.

9 How to set time:

sysdate+1	from present time + 1day
trunc(sysdate)+1	from 12.00 AM + 1day
trunc(sysdate)+17/24	17:00 PM today<br />
trunc(sysdate)+60/1440	1:00 AM (60min/60min*24=1440)

• sql> SELECT to_char(trunc(sysdate+1) + 90/1440, 'MM/DD/YYYY HH:MI AM') FROM dual;

10 ERRORs

10.1 ORA-23421

• procedure dbms_job must by run by owner even sys user cant do that check dbms_ijob

10.2 ORA-12012

• search above string ORA-12012 in alertlogs due to problem with previous jobs

LINUX LVM

Table of Contents

• 1 Create LVM partition
  • 1.1 Create LVM partition:
  • 1.2 Initialize LVM partition:
  • 1.3 Create LVM group:
  • 1.4 Create logical volumes which is attached to group:
  • 1.5 Volume format:
• 2 Snapshot
  • 2.1 Desc
  • 2.2 Steps
• 3 Move data inside group
• 4 Remove disk from group
• 5 Add disk to group
• 6 Reduce volume size
• 7 Extend volume size
• 8 Activate group
• 9 Extend partition

1 Create LVM partition

1.1 Create LVM partition:

• fdisk /dev/[disk]
• change partition type from LINUX to LVM

1.2 Initialize LVM partition:

• pvcreate /dev/[disk_partiton1] /dev/[disk_partition2]
• verifycommands:
  • pvs
  • pvdisplay

1.3 Create LVM group:

• vgcreate [group_name] /dev/[disk_partition1] /dev/[disk_partition2]
• verify commands:
  • vgs
  • vgdisplay

1.4 Create logical volumes which is attached to group:

• lvcreate -L[size]M -n [vol_name] [group_name]
• verify commands:
  • lvs
  • lvdisplay

1.5 Volume format:

• mkfs.ext3 [lv_name_from_lvdisplay]

2 Snapshot

2.1 Desc

• Snapshot covers process of writing block to special area before writing to this block, so if you want to make changes to block at first you must copy this block to special area
• So it is neccesary to set volume snapshot size, and when it will be full the snapshot is broken

2.2 Steps

1. lvcreate -s -L[size]G -n [lv_snap] /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_2snap]
2. dd if=/dev/[vg_name]/[lv_snap] of=[file_name].img
   • The size of file is similar to "lvdisplay /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_snap]"
   • If snapshot size is oversized the warning is "input/ouput error"
3. lvcreate -n [lv_new] -L[size_bigger_then_above] [vg_name]
   • It is possible to expand by resize2fs
4. dd if=[file_name].img of=/dev/[vg_name]/[lv_new]
5. lvremove /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_snap]

3 Move data inside group

1. pvs
2. pvmove /dev/sd...
3. pvs

4 Remove disk from group

• lvreduce [vg_name] /dev/sd...

5 Add disk to group

1. pvcreate /dev/sd...
2. pvs
3. vgextend [vg_name] /dev/sd...

6 Reduce volume size

1. umount...
2. e2fsck -f /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_name]
3. resize2fs /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_name] [nr]G
4. lvreduce -L[nr]G /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_name]
5. mount...

7 Extend volume size

1. lvextend /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_name]
2. e2fsck -f /dev/[vg_name]/[lv_name]
3. resize2fs /dev/[vg_name\/[lv_name]

8 Activate group

• vgscan
• vgchange -ay

9 Extend partition

• fdisk
• d #remove partition
• n #make a new one with start section at the same point

ORACLE WAITS

TIME_STATISTICS = true

v$event_name #describe events with parameters P and share to 12 wait_class

v$system_event #based on events which was collected when instance was started for all sessions (please check TIME_WAITED regard to  STARTUP_TIME.v$instance)

• TOTAL_WAITS #how many times session was waiting on this event
• TOTAL_TIMEOUTS #how often default time was reached, default time is set for each event
  
• TIME_WAITED # time used by event (1/100 sek)
• TIME_WAITED_MICRO #as above (/1000000 sek)
  
• AVERAGE_WAIT #average time TIME_WAITED/TOTAL_WAITS (1/100 sek)

v$session_event #the same as v$system_event but for session, added SID column

v$session_wait #present events which was expected by session

• SEQ #internal seqence nr for any event, it is increased any time when session wait at event
  
• STATE #value WAITING and WAITED UNKNOWN TIME show that TIMES_STATISTICS is FALSE
• SECONDS_IN_WAIT #time spending by session
  

from 10g
v$session_wait_history #the same as v$session_wait but there is last 10 wait events for any session but col SEQ# means something diferent
v$active_session_history #last 30 min probes which was collected every 1 sec., more probes than at v$session_wait_history

v$system_wait_class #waits grouped by class category
v$session_wait_class #waits grouped by class and session category

v$event_histogram #share between events which spend less than 1,2,4,8,16 ms

LINUX MUTT

Table of Contents

• 1 Links
• 2 .muttrc
• 3 OS mode
• 4 Main mode (index)
  • 4.1 index_format
• 5 Message mode(pager)
• 6 Flags
• 7 Tagging
• 8 Keybinding
• 9 Patterns for messages
• 10 Keybinding patterns

1 Links

• http://www.mutt.org/doc/manual/manual-2.html
• http://www.ucolick.org/~lharden/learnmutt.html

2 .muttrc

• http://dev.mutt.org/trac/wiki/ConfigLits

  CONFIGURATION	DESCRIPTION
  set move=no	dont ask about moving message to mbox
  set imap_user =	imap username
  set imap_pass =	imap password
  set folder =	main folder like "imaps://[hostname]"
  set ssl_starttls = yes
  set smtp_url =	url lik smtp://[hostname]:25/
  set smtp_pass =	"$imap_pass"
  set spoolfile =	"+INBOX"
  set realname =	name
  set from =	name
  set record =	folder for outgoing messages
  set copy = no	copy outgoing messages to above folder
  set pager_stop = yes	do not move to the next message during reading
  my_hdr From: <mail@domain>	set header
  #my_hdr CC: <mail@domain>
  my_hdr Reply-to: <mail@domain>
  my_hdr User-Agent: Mutt
  set header_cache=~/.hcache	set file for source headers
  source /[path]/[filename]	split config for many files
  set date_format="%b-%d %H:%M:%S"
  set index_format="%-4C%-5Z%-17d%-30a%s"	index format
  auto_view text/html
  bind index "q" noop
  bind index "x" exit
  save-hook '~s [title]' "$folder/[folder]"	set filter for saving directory
  alias [alias] email@domain	set alias recipients, during sending put TAB
  color header brightyellow default "^date:"	header coloers
  color header brightred default "^from:"
  color header white default "^to:"
  color header white default "^cc:"
  color header brightyellow red "^subject:"
  color status white black

3 OS mode

mutt -f imap://[IMAP_server]/inbox

logon to IMAP server

4 Main mode (index)

COMMAND	DESCRIPTION
source [config_file]	reload config
$	run command, save mailbox, refresh
@	show sender address
o	sort
enter	show message
d	mark to delete
D	mark to delete based on regexp
u	unmark delete
U	unmark delete based on regexp
r	reply
g	reply all
m	send
=	first message
k	previous message
f	next message
j	next message
*	last message
n	message nr [n]
C-g	clean command line
c	change directory, ? - directory list
s	save message
v	show attachement
w	set flag
W	unset flag
t	tag message
T	tag messag based on regexp

4.1 index_format

• default: %4C %Z %{%b %d} %-15.15L (%4l) %s
• my: set index_format="%-5Z%-17d%-30a%s"
• set date_format="%m-%d %H:%M:%S" #zgodne z strftime

  %a	address of the author
  %b	filename of the original message folder (think mailBox)
  %B	the list to which the letter was sent, or else the folder name (%b).
  %c	number of characters (bytes) in the message
  %C	current message number
  %d	date and time of the message in the format specified by ``date_format'' converted to sender's time zone
  %D	date and time of the message in the format specified by ``date_format'' converted to the local time zone
  %e	current message number in thread
  %E	number of messages in current thread
  %f	entire From: line (address + real name)
  %F	author name, or recipient name if the message is from you
  %i	message-id of the current message
  %l	number of lines in the message
  %L	If an address in the To or CC header field matches an address defined by the users ``lists'' command, this displays "To <list-name>", otherwise the same as %F.
  %m	total number of message in the mailbox
  %M	number of hidden messages if the thread is collapsed.
  %N	message score
  %n	author's real name (or address if missing)
  %O	(_O_riginal save folder) Where mutt would formerly have stashed the message: list name or recipient name if no list
  %s	subject of the message
  %S	status of the message (N/D/d/!/r/*)
  %t	`to:' field (recipients)
  %T	the appropriate character from the $to_chars string
  %u	user (login) name of the author
  %v	first name of the author, or the recipient if the message is from you
  %y	`x-label:' field, if present
  %Y	`x-label' field, if present, and (1) not at part of a thread tree, (2) at the top of a thread, or (3) `x-label' is different from preceding message's `x-label'.
  %Z	message status flags

5 Message mode(pager)

i	exit
[SPC]	next page
-	prev page
v	attach

6 Flags

FLAG	DESCRIPTION
D	mark to delete
N	new, not read
O	old, but not read
*	marked
P	PGP included
r	replied to
+	message only for you
T	message for you with CC field
C	you are at CC field
F	message from you
L	massage from subscribe list

7 Tagging

T	tag message based on regexp
;(semi-colon)	apply operation form tagged messages
W	change flag

8 Keybinding

• edit muttrc ex.
  bind index "q" noop #means not bind "q" key with index mode

9 Patterns for messages

~A	all messages
~b EXPR	messages which contain EXPR in the message body
~B EXPR	messages which contain EXPR in the whole message
~c USER	messages carbon-copied to USER
~C EXPR	message is either to: or cc: EXPR
~D	deleted messages
~d [MIN]-[MAX]	messages with ``date-sent'' in a Date range
~E	expired messages
~e EXPR	message which contains EXPR in the ``Sender'' field
~F	flagged messages
~f USER	messages originating from USER
~g	PGP signed messages
~G	PGP encrypted messages
~h EXPR	messages which contain EXPR in the message header
~k	message contains PGP key material
~i ID	message which match ID in the ``Message-ID'' field
~L EXPR	message is either originated or received by EXPR
~l	message is addressed to a known mailing list
~m [MIN]-[MAX]	message in the range MIN to MAX *)
~n [MIN]-[MAX]	messages with a score in the range MIN to MAX *)
~N	new messages
~O	old messages
~p	message is addressed to you (consults $alternates)
~P	message is from you (consults $alternates)
~Q	messages which have been replied to
~R	read messages
~r [MIN]-[MAX]	messages with ``date-received'' in a Date range
~S	superseded messages
~s SUBJECT	messages having SUBJECT in the ``Subject'' field.
~T	tagged messages
~t USER	messages addressed to USER
~U	unread messages
~v	message is part of a collapsed thread.
~x EXPR	messages which contain EXPR in the `References' field
~y EXPR	messages which contain EXPR in the `X-Label' field
~z [MIN]-[MAX]	messages with a size in the range MIN to MAX *)
~=	duplicated messages (see $duplicate_threads)

10 Keybinding patterns

\t	tab
<tab>	tab
\r	carriage return
\n	newline
\e	escape
<esc>	escape
<up>	up arrow
<down>	down arrow
<left>	left arrow
<right>	right arrow
<pageup>	Page Up
<pagedown>	Page Down
<backspace>	Backspace
<delete>	Delete
<insert>	Insert
<enter>	Enter
<return>	Return
<home>	Home
<end>	End
<space>	Space bar
<f1>	function key 1
<f10>	function key 10

ORACLE VIEWS

view	description
dba_db_links	links
v$dba_registry	installed components
v$transportable_platform	big-endian,little-endian bytes orientation
nls_database_parameters	encoding
v$pwfile_users	users from password file

LINUX VSFTPD

before run check module path in file /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
vsftpd.conf

anonymous_enable=NO
local_enable=YES
write_enable=YES
local_umask=022
dirmessage_enable=YES

#xferlog_enable=YES #wlaczenie logowania
xferlog_std_format=NO
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
vsftpd_log_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#log_ftp_protocol=YES

connect_from_port_20=YES

#idle_session_timeout=600
#data_connection_timeout=120
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

ftpd_banner=Welcome to ftp server

chroot_local_user=YES
secure_chroot_dir=/usr/share/empty

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.chroot_list

# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers
# for users that are denied.

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_file=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.user_list

#enable for standalone mode
listen=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES

MIDNIGHT COMMANDER

Shortkeys:

"key1" & "key2" - means - put key1 and after that put key2
"key1" + "key2" - means - put key1 and hold on put key2

"esc" & "o" #the same directory on neighbor window
"ctrl" + "x" & "q" #show file content
"ctrl" + "x" & "s" #make symbolic link
"ctrl" + "x" & "c" #chmod
"ctrl" + "x" & "o" #chown

Connections:

/#sh:[username]:[pass]@[server]:[path]
/#ftp:[username]:[pass]@[server]

---

~/.mc/ini

navigate_with_arrows=1 #change dirs with arrows
use_internal_edit=1 #internal editor mcedit when set 0 it dependes from environment variable $EDITOR

ETHERNET FRAME

IP CLASS

/25(128) /26(192) /27(224) /28(240) /29(248) /30(252)
-----------------------------------------------------
0-127    0-63     0-31     0-15     0-7      0-3
4-7
8-15     8-11
12-15
16-31    16-23    16-19
20-23
24-31    24-27
28-31
32-63    32-47    32-39    32-35
36-39
40-47    40-43
44-47
48-63    48-55    48-51
52-55
56-63    56-59
60-63
64-127   64-95    64-79    64-71    64-67
68-71
72-79    72-75
76-79
80-95    80-87    80-83
84-87
88-95    88-91
92-95
96-127   96-111   96-103   96-99
100-103
104-111  104-107
108-111
112-127  112-119  112-115
116-119
120-127  120-123
124-127
128-255  128-191  128-159  128-143  128-135  128-131
132-135
137-143  136-139
140-143 
144-159  144-151  144-147
149-151
153-159  153-155
157-159 
160-191  160-175  160-167  160-163
164-167
168-175  168-171
172-175
176-191  176-183  176-179
180-183
180-191  184-187
188-191
192-255  192-223  192-207  192-199  192-195
196-199
200-207  200-203
204-207
208-223  208-215  208-211
212-215
216-223  216-219
220-223
224-255  224-239  224-231  224-227
228-231
232-239  232-235
236-239
240-255  240-247  241-243
244-247
248-255  248-251
252-255

LINUX RAID

1. Disk partioning:

fdisk /dev/sda

n - create new partition
t - create partition with type RAID (fd - Linux raid autodetect)

2. Create array:

mdadm --create /dev/md[nr] --level=[0|1|etc] --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

3. Format array:

mkfs.ext3 /dev/md[nr]

4. Create directory
5. Mount array
6. Add to /etc/fstab

echo "/dev/md[nr] /[katalog] defaults 0 2" >>etc/fstab

7. Create file /etc/mdadm.conf

echo "DEVICE /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1" > /etc/mdadm.conf
mdadm --detail --scan >> /etc/mdadm.conf

General:

mdadm --add /dev/md[nr] /dev/sda2 #add disk to synchronize with array
mdadm -E /dev/sda1 #info about device inside array
cat /proc/mdstat #present state of array
mdadm --stop /dev/md[nr] #stop array, free devices
mdadm --assemble #mount arrary
mdadm --detail --scan #info about components from /proc/mdstat

ORACLE STARTUP

Startup mode:

STARTUP NOMOUNT

• startup instance and occupy memory
• read pfile in order:
  • spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora or
  • spfile.ora or
  • init$ORACLE_SID.ora
  • init.ora

STARTUP MOUNT

• mount database to instance,
• read controlfile,
• allocating database structure

STARTUP OPEN

• open database for all users

STARTUP READ ONLY

• open database for all users but read only

STARTUP FORCE

• restart database as SHUTDOWN ABORT and startup again

STARTUP RESTRICT

• open database for users with privilege RESTRICTED SESSION, if you want to open for all put ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION

STARTUP UPGRADE

• open database for AS SYSDBA, prepare database to upgrade

Shutdown mode:

SHUTDOWN

• disallow new connections and wait for finish session for present users

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

• disallow new connections, disallow new transactions, when transactions was finished, all users are disconnected

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

• disallow new connections, all transactions which was not commit are rollback and users are disconnected

SHUTDOWN ABORT

• disallow new connections, all transactions are interupted, not rollback, users are disconnected, during next startup database allow recovery

ORACLE PATCH

download opatch

1. download patch
2. unpack
3. shutdown instance
4. read README file
5. change directory to unpacked archive
6. opatch apply
7. run Post Installation Instructions

check patches allready install:

opatch lsinventory
opatch lsinventory -detail

check patch:

opatch query -all /[path_to_patch_directory]

check opatch options

opatch -help [option]

logs:
[ORACLE_HOME]/cfgtoollogs/opatch
[ORACLE_HOME]/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch_history.txt
rollback:

opach rollback -id [nr_patcha]

check invalid objects:

SELECT object_name FROM dba_objects WHERE status = 'INVALID';

compile all invalid objects:
[ORACLE_HOME]/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql
which launch script [ORACLE_HOME]/rdbms/admin/utlprp.sql z parametrem=0
- parametr=0 - run parallel with CPU_COUNT
- parametr=1 - run in one process
- parametr=N - number of parallel run

LINUX CDRECORD

burn DVD:

1. create ISO file

mkisofs -r -o plik.iso /[directory_to_burn/

- DVD+RW

2. disk format (only once in case of new disk):

cdrecord -v dev=/dev/hdc -format

3. burn:

cdrecord -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=4 -dao -data file.iso

4. next record do not need erase disk

- DVD-RW

2. format is not necessary

3. burn:

cdrecord -v dev=/dev/hdc speed=4 -dao -data file.iso

4. next record need erase disk:

cdrecord -v dev=/dev/hdc blank=fast

options:

-dao - write Disk At Once

-tao - write Track At Once (for multisesion, default)

share (files up to 2GB for ISO format):

tar -cf - /[dir_to_tar] |split -b 2000m - FILE.tar

LINUX SCREEN

Table of Contents

• 1 OS commands
• 2 Screen Commands
• 3 .screenrc

1 OS commands

screen -ls	session list
screen -r [session]	attach to active session
screen -x	attach multiply users to active session
screen -dmS [session] [app]	run app without start screen

2 Screen Commands

COMMAND	DESCRIPTION
C-a d	deatach
C-a "	window list
C-a w	window list
C-a :number [0-9]	change window nr
C-a A	change window name
C-a shift+n	show window nr
C-a c	new window
C-a k	kill window
C-a [0-9]	go to window nr
C-a [SPC]	next window
C-a [BPC]	previous window
C-a C-a	last active window
C-a [ESC]	turn on mode scrollback/copy
[SPC]	start/stop buffer copy
C-a ]	paste from buffer
C-a ?	help
C-a :	command line

3 .screenrc

startup_message off
deflogin off
defnonblock 5
termcapinfo xterm*|rxvt* 'Co#256:AB=\E[48;5;%dm:AF=\E[38;5;%dm'
termcapinfo xterm*|rxvt* ti@:te@
#defbce "on"
vbell off
altscreen on
bindkey -k F1 prev
bindkey -k F2 next
bind ^v screen -t ROOT su -
hardstatus alwayslastline
hardstatus string '%{= KM}[ %{G}%H %{M}][%= %{c}%?%-Lw%?%{C}(%{C}%n*%f%t%{C})%{c}%?%+Lw%?%? %=%{M}][%{G} %c %{M}]'
defscrollback 1024
screen 0

LINUX MAILX

Table of Contents

• 1 Command line
• 2 Help:
• 3 Mesages list
• 4 Move:
• 5 Main
• 6 Manipulation:
• 7 All messages.

1 Command line

mail	read
mail -f	read from mbox file
mail -s "[title]"	send mail with title option

2 Help:

• ? | l[ist] | hel[p] #list commands

3 Mesages list

n[nr]	Show message number nr.
+	The next undeleted message, or the next deleted message for the undelete command.
-	The next previous undeleted message, or the next previous deleted message for the undelete command.
.	The current message.
$	The last message.

4 Move:

z+	screen forward
z-	screen backward
=	show number of current message
+	next message
$	last message

5 Main

h[eaders]	show headers of all
f[rom] *	list all mails with headers
folder	directory list
to [msglist]	list top of message
q[uit]	save and exit
r	reply to all
x	exit without save
e[dit] [msglist]	edit
si[ze]	size current message
p[rint]	print current message
p 3	print 3-rd message
fo	list directories
set	show variables
set name=string	define variable
uns[et]	unset

6 Manipulation:

d[elete] [msglist]	delete current message
u[ndelete] [msglist]	undelete message
U	set message as unread
s[ave] [msglist]	save

7 All messages.

n-m	range of message numbers.
address	All messages from address
/string	All messages with string in the subject line (case ignored).
:c	All messages of type c, where c shall be one of:
d	Deleted messages.
n	New messages.
o	Old messages (any not in state read or new).
r	Read messages.
u	Unread messages.

ORACLE FLASHBACK

Table of Contents

• 1 Prerequisites
• 2 Configuration steps
• 3 Estimating log store space
• 4 Recover from flashback logs
• 5 Views
• 6 Recyclebin
  • 6.1 Show recyclebin
  • 6.2 Recover table from recyclebin
  • 6.3 Droping table without recyclebin
  • 6.4 Purging recyclebin
• 7 ERRORs

1 Prerequisites

• database ARCHIVELOG mode
• UNDO_MANAGEMENT=auto

2 Configuration steps

1. setting param DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST which point to flashback logs location
2. setting param DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE which specify summary size of all logs
3. setting param DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET which specify logs store time in miutes
4. startup database in mount mode
5. turn on flashback
   • sql> ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK ON;
6. check:
   • sql> SELECT log_mode,flashback_on FROM v$database;
7. open database

3 Estimating log store space

1. setting DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET
2. sql> SELECT estimated_flashback_size FROM v$flashback_database_log;

4 Recover from flashback logs

1. startup database in mount mode
2. sql> FLASHBACK DATABASE TO…
   • TIMESTAMP SYSDATE-1]
   • TO TIMESTAMP to_timestamp('2009-09-28 11:00','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi')
   • TO SCN [scn#];
3. sql> ALTER DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;
   • at READ-ONLY mode it is possible to verify data
   • if data are not correct, so repeat steps from 1 to 3
4. turn off database
5. startup database in mount mode
6. sql> ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

5 Views

• sql> SELECT oldest_flashback_scn,oldest_flashback_time,flashback_size FROM v$flashback_database_log;

  oldest_flashback_scn, oldest_flashback_time	oldest timestamp when data can be recovered
  	(To verify this operation, try delete oldest flashback log then put above SELECT command and oldest point was changed)
  estimated_flashback_size	the neccessary space to ensure DB_FLASHBACK_RETENTION_TARGET
  flashback_size

• sql> SELECT * FROM v$flash_recovery_area_usage;
• sql> SELECT * FROM v$recovery_file_dest;
• sql> SELECT SCN_TO_TIMESTAMP(10213123) FROM DUAL;

6 Recyclebin

6.1 Show recyclebin

• sql> SHOW RECYCLEBIN

6.2 Recover table from recyclebin

• sql> DROP TABLE [table_name]
• sql> FLASHBACK TABLE [table_name] TO BEFORE DROP;

6.3 Droping table without recyclebin

• sql> DROP TABLE [table_name] PURGE;

6.4 Purging recyclebin

• sql> PURGE TABLE [table_name];
• sql> PURGE TABLESPACE [ts_name];
• sql> PURGE TABLESPACE [ts_name] USER [user];
• sql> PURGE RECYCLEBIN
• sql> PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN;

7 ERRORs

[ symptom ]

• ORA-38729: Not enough flashback database log data to do FLASHBACK

[ solution ]

• timestamp older then oldest_flashback_time

LINUX CRYPTSETUP

create:

cryptsetup --verbose --verify-passphrase luksFormat /dev/sda1

open:

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda1 usb

format:

mkfs.ext2 /dev/mapper/usb

mount:

mount /dev/mapper/usb /usb

umount:

umount /usb

close:

crypsetup luksClose usb

on disk

cryptsetup luksFormat [partition]
cryptsetup luksOpen [partition] [name]
mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/[name]
mount /dev/mapper/[name]
cryptsetup luksClose [name]

---

start during boot:

cryptsetup luksDump /dev/mapper/vg_euplnb1001-lv_01 |grep UUID >> /etc/crypttab

/etc/crypttab

[name] /dev/disk/by-uuid/220ec734-ccbd-497a-8632-eae4f28608ae none luks

/etc/fstab

/dev/mapper/[name] /mnt/[mount_point] ext4 defaults 0 0