ORACLE STARTUP

Startup mode:

STARTUP NOMOUNT

• startup instance and occupy memory
• read pfile in order:
  • spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora or
  • spfile.ora or
  • init$ORACLE_SID.ora
  • init.ora

STARTUP MOUNT

• mount database to instance,
• read controlfile,
• allocating database structure

STARTUP OPEN

• open database for all users

STARTUP READ ONLY

• open database for all users but read only

STARTUP FORCE

• restart database as SHUTDOWN ABORT and startup again

STARTUP RESTRICT

• open database for users with privilege RESTRICTED SESSION, if you want to open for all put ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION

STARTUP UPGRADE

• open database for AS SYSDBA, prepare database to upgrade

Shutdown mode:

SHUTDOWN

• disallow new connections and wait for finish session for present users

SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

• disallow new connections, disallow new transactions, when transactions was finished, all users are disconnected

SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

• disallow new connections, all transactions which was not commit are rollback and users are disconnected

SHUTDOWN ABORT

• disallow new connections, all transactions are interupted, not rollback, users are disconnected, during next startup database allow recovery